Mapping in 3 Dimensions

One of the more interesting developments of creating maps in the 21st century is the ability to to create and view maps in 3D.  A 3 dimensional map can be a superior visual method to portray features both above and below the earth's surface, and can also assist in spatial analysis.  

This is a jpeg export of a 3D scene of Crater Lake, Oregon, to which I have added vertical exaggeration for effect.  One of the more creative aspects of 3D mapping is the cartographer's license to modify features as such- as a tool to better illustrate the map's vertical relief.  When opened in ArcScene the above graphic can be navigated in 3 dimensions, with the surface rotated to show the relief above, or below.  Different layers can also be added to this surface for spatial and/or visual analysis.  There are increasing opportunities for these kinds of 3 dimensional portrayals in GIS and map-making, which will likely only increase with future advances in computers and technology.